Store norske leksikon
Vestens filosofer
Et utvalg av vestens filosofer
Antikken
| Navn | Levetid | Viktige verker | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thales fra Milet | cirka 625–545 | – | |
| Anaximander | cirka 610–547 | Om naturen | |
| Anaximenes | cirka 570–526 | – | |
| Pytagoras | cirka 570–500 | – | |
| Heraklit | cirka 544–475 | Om naturen | |
| Anaxagoras | cirka 500–428 | Om naturen | |
| Levkippos | 400-tallet | – | |
| Parmenides | 400-tallet | – | |
| Empedokles | cirka 494–434 | – | |
| Zenon fra Elea | cirka 490–430 | – | |
| Protagoras fra Abdera | cirka 485–415 | – | |
| Sokrates | cirka 470–399 | – | |
| Demokrit | cirka 460–370 | – | |
| Antisthenes | cirka 455–360 | – | |
| Aristippos fra Kyrene | cirka 439–366 | – | |
| Platon | 427–347 | Dialoger, blant annet Staten, Symposion og Theaitetos | |
| Diogenes fra Sinope | cirka 400–325 | – | |
| Aristoteles | 384–322 | Metafysikken, Om diktekunsten, Den nikomakiske etikk | |
| Pyrrhon fra Elis | cirka 360–270 | – | |
| Epikur | cirka 341–270 | – | |
| Zenon fra Kition | cirka 335–264 | – | |
| Kleanthes fra Assos | cirka 331–232 | – | |
| Hegesias fra Kyrene | 200-tallet | – | |
| Khrysippos fra Soloi | cirka 280–207 | – | |
| Karneades | cirka 214–129 | – | |
| Lukrets | cirka 96–55 | De rerum natura | |
| Lucius Annaeus Seneca – den yngre | 4 fvt.–65 evt. | Dialoger, Moralske brev | |
| Epiktet | cirka 55–138 | – | |
| Mark Aurel | 121–180 | Til meg selv | |
| Sextus Empiricus | cirka 200 | – | |
| Origenes fra Alexandria | før 186–254 | De principiis | |
| Plotin | cirka 205–270 | Enneader | |
| Jamblikhos fra Khalkis | cirka 250–330 | – |
Middelalderen
| Navn | Levetid | Viktige verker |
|---|---|---|
| Augustin av Hippo | 354–430 | Confessiones, De civitate dei |
| Proklos | 410–485 | – |
| Boëthius | cirka 480–524 | De consolatione philosophiae |
| Johannes Scotus Eriugena | cirka 810–877 | Om naturens inndeling |
| Avicenna | 980–1037 | Boken om sjelens helbredelse |
| Anselm av Canterbury | 1033–1109 | Monologium, Proslogium |
| Roscelin fra Compiègne | cirka 1050–1122 | – |
| Abu Hamid Muhammad al- Ghazali | 1058–1111 | Redning fra villfarelsen |
| Pierre Abélard | 1079–1142 | Sic et non, Scito te ipsum |
| Hildegard fra Bingen | 1098–1179 | De operatione Dei |
| Averroës | 1126–1198 | – |
| Moses Maimonides | 1135–1204 | Doctor perplexorum |
| Albertus Magnus | cirka 1200–1280 | – |
| Roger Bacon | cirka 1212–1292 | Opus majus |
| Giovanni di Fidanza Bonaventura | cirka 1217–1274 | |
| Thomas Aquinas | 1225–1274 | Summa Theologiae, Summa Contra Gentiles |
| Johannes Eckehart | cirka 1260–1328 | |
| Johannes Duns Scotus | cirka 1266–1308 | – |
| William Ockham | cirka 1300–1349 | Summa totius logicae |
| Nicolaus fra Kues | 1401–1464 | De docta ignorantia |
Renessansen, rasjonalismen og empirismen
| Navn | Levetid | Viktige verker |
|---|---|---|
| Nicolaus Copernicus | 1473–1543 | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) |
| Giordano Bruno | 1548–1600 | Dell'infinito, universo e mondi (1584) |
| Francis Bacon | 1561–1626 | Novum Organum Scientiarum (1620) |
| Galileo Galilei | 1564–1642 | Discorsi e Dimostrazioni Matematiche intorno a Due Nuove Scienze (1638) |
| Tommaso Campanella | 1568–1639 | Città del sole (1602) |
| Thomas Hobbes | 1588–1679 | De cive (1642), Leviathan (1651) |
| Johann Amos Comenius | 1592–1670 | De emendatione rerum humanarum consultatio catholica (1648–1668) |
| René Descartes | 1596–1650 | Discours de la Méthode (1637), Meditationes de prima philosophia (1641) |
| Blaise Pascal | 1623–1662 | Pensées sur la religion (1670) |
| Baruch Spinoza | 1632–1677 | Ethica ordine geometrico demonstrata (1677) |
| John Locke | 1632–1704 | An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1690) |
| Isaac Newton | 1642–1727 | Principia mathematica philosophiae naturalis (1687) |
| Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz | 1646–1716 | Système nouveau de la nature (1695), Monadologie (1714) |
| George Berkeley | 1685–1753 | A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710), Three Dialogues Between Hylas and Philonous (1713) |
| David Hume | 1711–1776 | A Treatise of Human Nature (1739–1740), Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion (1777) |
Opplysningstiden og romantikken
| Navn | Levetid | Viktige verker |
|---|---|---|
| Jean-Jacques Rousseau | 1712–1778 | Du Contrat Social (1762) |
| Immanuel Kant | 1724–1804 | Kritik der Reinen Vernunft (1781), Kritik der praktischen Vernunft (1788), Kritik der Urteilskraft (1790) |
| Jeremy Bentham | 1748–1832 | Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation (1789) |
| Johann Gottlieb Fichte | 1762–1814 | Wissenschaftlehre (1794) |
| Friedrich Schleiermacher | 1768–1834 | Der christliche Glaube (1821–1822) |
| Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel | 1770–1831 | Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807) |
| Friedrich von Schelling | 1775–1854 | System des transzendentalen Idealismus (1800) |
| Arthur Schopenhauer | 1788–1860 | Die Welt als Wille und Vorstellung (1818) |
| Auguste Comte | 1798–1857 | Cours de philosophie positive (1830–1842) |
| Ludwig Feuerbach | 1804–1872 | Das Wesen des Christentums (1841) |
| John Stuart Mill | 1806–1873 | A System of Logic (1843), On Liberty (1859) |
| Søren Aabye Kierkegaard | 1813–1855 | Om Begræpet Ironi (1841), Enten-Eller (1843), Frykt og Bæven (1843) |
| Karl Marx | 1818–1883 | Das Kapital (1867–1883) |
| Herbert Spencer | 1820–1903 | A System of Synthetic Philosophy (1862–1896) |
| Wilhelm Dilthey | 1833–1911 | Einleitung in die Geisteswissenschaften (1883) |
| Ernst Mach | 1838–1916 | Erkenntnis und Irrtum (1905) |
| Franz Brentano | 1838–1917 | Psychologie vom empirischen Standpunkt (1874) |
| Charles Sanders Peirce | 1839–1914 | Studies in Logic (1883) |
| William James | 1842–1910 | The Meaning of Truth (1909) |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | 1844–1900 | Jenseits von Gut und Böse (1886), Zur Genealogie der Moral (1887) |
Moderne tid
| Navn | Levetid | Viktige verker |
|---|---|---|
| Gottlob Frege | 1848–1925 | Begriffsschrift (1879), Die Grundlagen der Arithmetik (1884) |
| Hans Vaihinger | 1852–1933 | Der Philosophie des Als-Ob (1911) |
| Henri Bergson | 1859–1941 | L'Évolution créatrice (1907) |
| Edmund Husserl | 1859–1938 | Logische Untersuchungen (1900–1901) |
| John Dewey | 1859–1952 | Human Nature and Conduct (1922) |
| Alfred North Whitehead | 1861–1947 | Principia Mathematica (1910–1913, sammen med Bertrand Russell) |
| George Santayana | 1863–1952 | The Life of Reason (1906), Realms of Being (1927–1940) |
| Benedetto Croce | 1866–1952 | Filosofia come scienza dello spirito (1902–1917) |
| Bertrand Russell | 1872–1970 | Principia Mathematica (1910–1913, sammen med Alfred North Whitehead) |
| George Edward Moore | 1873–1958 | Principia Ethica (1903), Philosophical Studies (1922) |
| Ernst Cassirer | 1874–1945 | Philosophie der symbolischen Formen (1923–1929) |
| Jacques Maritain | 1882–1973 | Humanisme intégral (1936) |
| Karl Jaspers | 1883–1969 | Philosophie (1932) |
| Ludwig Wittgenstein | 1889–1951 | Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (1921), Philosophische Untersuchungen (1953) |
| Gabriel Marcel | 1889–1973 | Journal méthaphysique (1914–1923) |
| Martin Heidegger | 1889–1976 | Sein und Zeit (1927) |
| Rudolf Carnap | 1891–1970 | Der logische Aufbau der Welt (1928) |
| Walter Benjamin | 1892–1940 | Das Passagen-Werk (ufullført) |
| Gilbert Ryle | 1900–1976 | The Concept of Mind (1949) |
| Hans-Georg Gadamer | 1900–2002 | Wahrheit und Methode (1960) |
| Karl Popper | 1902–1994 | Logik der Forschung (1935) |
| Theodor W. Adorno | 1903–1969 | Ästhetische Theorie (1970) |
| Jean-Paul Sartre | 1905–1980 | L'Étre et le Néant (1943) |
| Emmanuel Lévinas | 1905–1995 | Totalité et Infini (1961) |
| Hannah Arendt | 1906–1975 | The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) |
| Willard Van Orman Quine | 1908–2000 | From a Logical Point of View (1953), Word and Object (1960) |
| Alfred Jules Ayer | 1910–1989 | Language, Truth and Logic (1936) |
| John Langshaw Austin | 1911–1960 | How to Do Things With Words (1962) |
| Albert Camus | 1913–1960 | L'Homme révolté (1951) |
| Georg Henrik von Wright | 1916–2003 | Explanation and Understanding (1971) |
| Donald Davidson | 1917–2003 | Truth and Meaning (1967) |
| John Rawls | 1921–2002 | A Theory of Justice (1971) |
| Gilles Deleuze | 1925–1995 | L'anti-Œdipe (1972) |
| Michel Foucault | 1926–1984 | Histoire de la folie à l'âge classique (1961) |
| Noam Chomsky | 1928– | Syntactic Structures (1957) |
| Jürgen Habermas | 1929– | Bürgerliche Öffentlichkeit (1960), Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns (1981) |
| Jean Baudrillard | 1929–2007 | L'échange symbolique et la mort (1976) |
| Jacques Derrida | 1930–2004 | L'écriture et la différence (1967) |
| Saul Kripke | 1940– | Naming and Necessity (1972) |
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